Ha ho bapisoa le lijo tsa liphoofolo, mebala ea mefuta eohle ea meroho le litholoana e ka ba mebala-bala ebile e ntle. 'Mala o motala o khanyang oa broccoli, 'mala o pherese oa eggplant, 'mala o mosehla oa lihoete, le 'mala o mofubelu oa pepere - ke hobane'ng ha meroho ena e fapane? Ke eng e khethollang mebala ena?

Li-phytochrome ke motsoako oa mefuta e 'meli ea limolek'hule tsa pigment: li-pigment tsa cytosolic tse qhibilihang metsing le li-pigment tsa chloroplast tse qhibilihang ka lipid. Mehlala ea tsa pele e kenyelletsa li-anthocyanins, li-flavonoid tse fang lipalesa 'mala; bakeng sa tsa morao-rao, li-carotenoid, li-lutein le li-chlorophyll li tloaelehile. Li-pigment tse qhibilihang metsing lia qhibiliha ka har'a ethanol hammoho le metsi a tloaelehileng empa ha li qhibilihe metsoakong e meng ea lintho tse phelang joalo ka ether le chloroform. Li-pigment tse qhibilihang ka har'a mafura li thata ho qhibiliha ka har'a methanol, empa li qhibiliha habonolo ka har'a metsoako e phahameng ea ethanol le li-solvents tse ling tsa lintho tse phelang. Ha li pepesehetse lead acetate reagent, li-pigment tse qhibilihang ka har'a metsi li tla pona 'me li ka monngoa ke carbon e sebetsang; mebala e tla boela e fetohe ho latela pH.

1. Khlorophyll

Chlorophyll e fumaneha haholo makhasing, litholoana le bolele ba limela tse phahameng, 'me ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea li-chloroplast tsa limela, tse teng hammoho le liprotheine linthong tse phelang.

Chlorophyll ke tonic ea mali, e khothalletsa hematopoiesis, e kenya tšebetsong lisele, e baka litlamorao tsa ho loantša libaktheria le ho thibela ho ruruha, jj. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bo-rasaense ba fumane hore chlorophyll e na le phello ea ho thibela tlhahiso ea lisele tsa ai.

Lijo tse nang le chlorophyll li kenyelletsa: kale, alfalfa sprouts, lettuce, spinach, broccoli, lettuce, jj.

Chlorophyll e laola 'mala o motala, sehlopha se tsebahalang haholo sa mebala se fumanehang hoo e ka bang mefuta eohle ea limela. Ba bang ba ka 'na ba ipotsa, ho thoe'ng ka lihoete? Ho thoe'ng ka metsoako ena eo ponahalo le 'mala oa eona li sa lumellaneng le botala ho hang? Ha e le hantle, lihoete le tsona li na le chlorophyll, e seng tlase, empa "botala" bo koahetsoe ke "bosehla le lamunu".

2. Carotenoid

Li-carotenoid ke lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa li-isomer tse fapaneng tsa li-carotenoid le lintho tse tsoang ho tsona tse fumanoang limela. Ke sehlopha sa lintho tse mebala-bala tse fumanehang haholo tlhahong, 'me li fumanoe ka lekhetlo la pele ka har'a lihoete, ka hona lebitso la li-carotenoid.

Lithuto li bontšitse hore ho ja li-carotenoid tse ngata tsa batho ho ka fokotsa lefu la tšoelesa ea senya le amanang le botsofali le ho senyeha ha macular ea retina ho amanang le botsofali. Ka hona, li-carotenoid tsa tlhaho li amohetsoe ke Lefapha la Bophelo hore li sebelisoe e le lijo tsa bophelo bo botle tse khahlanong le mahlaseli a kotsi. Li-carotenoid tse fapaneng li na le meaho e fapaneng ea limolek'hule, 'me qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, li-carotenoid tse fetang 600 li ne li se li fumanoe.

Lijo tse nang le li-carotenoids: lihoete, mokopu, tamati, citrus, poone, jj.

3. Flavonoid

Di-pigment tsa flavonoid, tse tsejwang hape e le anthocyanins, le tsona ke di-pigment tse qhibilihang metsing. Ho ya ka sebopeho sa dikhemikhale, ke ntho ya phenolic e qhibilihang metsing. E fumaneha haholo mmusong wa dimela, ho kenyeletswa le di-derivatives tse fapaneng, mme ho fumanwe mefuta e dikete. Di-flavonoid ha di fumanehe ka seoelo tlhahong e le di-monomers. Mefuta e fapaneng ya di-flavonoid e teng dimeleng tsa malapa a fapaneng, dihlopha, mofuta, le mefuta; dikarolong tse fapaneng tsa dimela tse kang makhapetla, motso le palesa, ho na le di-flavonoid tse fapaneng. Ho se ho fumanwe mefuta e ka bang 400 ho fihlela jwale, e se nang mmala, e mosehla o bobebe kapa lamunu e kganyang, mme mmala wa yona o angwa haholo ke pH.

Jwalo ka mmala wa tlhaho wa dijo, anthoxanthin e bolokehile, ha e na chefo, e na le mehlodi e mengata, mme e na le ditlamorao tse itseng tsa phepo le tsa meriana. E na le bokgoni bo boholo ba tshebediso dijong, ditlolong le merianeng.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, liphetho tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso lapeng le kantle ho naha li bontšitse hore li-flavonoid li na le anti-oxidation, ho felisa li-free radicals, ts'ebetso ea anti-lipid peroxidation, thibelo ea mafu a pelo le methapo ea mali, litlamorao tsa antibacterial, antiviral, le antiallergic. Meroho, litholoana le lijo-thollo 'musong oa limela li ruile ka li-pigment tsa flavonoid.

Lijo tse nang le li-pigment tsa flavonoid: pepere e monate, celery, lieiee tse khubelu, tee e tala, citrus, morara, buckwheat, jj.

4. Anthocyanin

Li-Anthocyanins: Ka lebaka la "mosebetsi oa tsona oa bohlokoa oa ho loantša oksijene", li-anthocyanins li tsebahala haholo 'me li boleloa e le "leqheka" ke lik'hamphani tse ngata. Mefuta e fetang 300 ea li-anthocyanins e se e khethollotsoe, ho kenyeletsoa le putsoa, ​​​​pherese, khubelu le lamunu. Li-pigment tsena li qhibiliha metsing. Li-Anthocyanins li ka bontša mebala e fapaneng ha pH e fetoha. U lokela ho ba le phihlelo e tšoanang ha u pheha khabeche (e khubelu) ka metsing.

Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa li-anthocyanine ha se tsitsa haholo, 'me' mala o tla fetoha haholo ka phetoho ea pH, e leng khubelu ka tlase ho 7, pherese ho 8.5, pherese-putsoa ho 11, le mosehla, lamunu kapa esita le sootho ho feta 11. Oksijene, khanya kapa mocheso o phahameng li ka fetola lijo tse nang le anthocyanin e ngata hore e be sootho. Ho phaella moo, ho fetoha ha 'mala ho bakoang ke ho kopana le tšepe ho lokela ho qojoa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ha ho sebetsoa.

Li-proanthocyanidins li khona ho tlosa li-free radical 'meleng, li na le ts'ebetso e matla ea antioxidant, 'me li ka laola sesole sa' mele le ho bapala karolo ea ho loantša kankere.

Lijo tse nang le anthocyanins: litapole tse pherese, raese e ntšo, poone e pherese, kale e pherese, eggplant, perilla, lihoete, li-beet, jj.

Ka batho ba buellang tlhaho, ho phehella litlhoko tsa bophelo bo botle le polokeho pele tsa kelello, hammoho le ho kena ha Chaena ho WTO ho tobana le litlhoko tsa moruo oa lefats'e, nts'etsopele ea mebala ea tlhaho e jeoang ka potlako, ho ea ka lipalo-palo, ho tloha ka 1971 ho isa ho 1981 lefats'e le phatlalalitse litokelo tsa molao tse 126 bakeng sa ho taka lijo, tseo 87.5% ea tsona e leng mebala ea tlhaho e jeoang.

Ka ntshetsopele ya setjhaba, tshebediso ya ditlolo tsa tlhaho e se e tumme butle-butle indastering ya dijo le ditlolo, mme mekgwa e sebediswang e ntlafetse butle-butle, e leng se etsang hore mebala ya tlhaho e be karolo ya bohlokwa ya ho khabisa bophelo.

Sepheo sa rona sa kgwebo ke “Etsa Lefatše le Thabe le ho Phela Hantle".

Bakeng sa tlhahisoleseding e batsi ka dihlahiswa tsa dimela, o ka ikopanya le rona ka nako ya bohloa!!

Litšupiso: https://www.zhihu.com/