Ha ho bapisoa le lijo tsa liphoofolo, mebala ea mefuta eohle ea meroho le litholoana e ka ba mebala-bala le e ntle. Mobala o motala o khanyang oa broccoli, 'mala o pherese oa li-eggplant,' mala o mosehla oa lihoete, le 'mala o mofubelu oa pelepele - ke hobane'ng ha meroho ee e fapane? Ke eng e khethollang mebala ee?

Li-phytochromes ke motsoako oa mefuta e 'meli ea limolek'hule tsa pigment: li-pigment tsa cytosolic tse qhibilihang metsing le li-pigment tse qhibilihang ka har'a chloroplast. Mehlala ea pele e kenyelletsa li-anthocyanins, li-flavonoids tse fanang ka 'mala ho lipalesa; bakeng sa ho qetela, carotenoids, lutein le chlorophyll li tloaelehile. Li-pigment tse qhibilihang ka metsing li qhibiliha ka har'a ethanol hammoho le metsing a tloaelehileng empa ha li qhibilihe ka har'a metsoako e meng ea tlhaho e kang ether le chloroform. Li-pigment tse qhibilihang ka mafura li thata haholo ho qhibiliha ka methanol, empa li qhibiliha habonolo libakeng tse phahameng tsa ethanol le lihlapolli tse ling tsa tlhaho. Ha e pepeselitsoe ho reagent ea lead acetate, li-pigment tse qhibilihang ka metsing li tla theoha 'me li ka khabisoa ka khabone e kentsoeng; mebala le eona e tla fetoha ho latela pH.

1.Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll e fumaneha haholo makhasi, litholoana le bolele ba limela tse phahameng, 'me ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea limela tsa chloroplasts, tse teng hammoho le liprotheine linthong tse phelang.

Chlorophyll ke tonic mali, khothalletsa hematopoiesis, activates lisele, antibacterial le anti-inflammatory liphello, joalo-joalo Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bo-rasaense ba fumane hore chlorophyll e na le phello ea ho thibela tlhahiso ea lisele tsa Ai.

Lijo tse nang le chlorophyll li kenyelletsa: khale, limela tsa lesere, lettuce, spinach, broccoli, lettuce, joalo-joalo.

Chlorophyll e laola 'mala o motala, sehlopha se tsebahalang haholo sa mebala se fumanehang hoo e batlang e le mefuta eohle ea limela. Ba bang ba ka 'na ba ipotsa, ho thoe'ng ka lihoete? Ho thoe’ng ka metsoako ee eo ponahalo le ’mala oa tsona li sa lumellaneng le botala ho hang? Ha e le hantle, lihoete li boetse li na le chlorophyll, e seng tlase, empa "tala" e koahetsoe ke "mosehla le oa lamunu".

2.Carotenoid

Carotenoids ke lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa li-isomers tse fapaneng tsa carotenoids le tse tsoang ho tsona tse fumanoang limela. Ke sehlopha sa lintho tse mebala-bala tse fumanehang haholo tlhahong, 'me li qalile ho fumanoa ka lihoete, kahoo e bitsoa carotenoids.

Liphuputso li bontšitse hore tšebeliso e phahameng ea carotenoids ea batho e ka fokotsa lefu la tšoelesa ea senya e amanang le botsofali le ho senyeha ho amanang le lilemo tsa retinal macular. Ka hona, carotenoids ea tlhaho e amohetsoe ke Lekala la Bophelo hore e sebelisoe e le lijo tse thibelang mahlaseli a kotsi. Li-carotenoid tse fapaneng li na le libopeho tse fapaneng tsa limolek'hule, 'me qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, ho ne ho sibolotsoe li-carotenoid tse fetang 600.

Lijo tse nang le carotenoids: lihoete, mokopu, tamati, citrus, poone, joalo-joalo.

3.Flavonoid

Li-pigments tsa flavonoid, tse tsejoang hape e le anthocyanins, le tsona ke li-pigment tse qhibilihang ka metsing. Ho tloha sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, ke ntho e qhibilihang ka metsing ea phenolic. E fumaneha haholo 'musong oa limela, ho kenyelletsa le lihlahisoa tse fapaneng, 'me mefuta e likete e fumanoe. Li-flavonoids ha li fumanehe ka tlhaho e le li-monomers. Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-flavonoids limeleng tsa malapa a fapaneng, litaelo, mofuta le mefuta; lithong tse fapaneng tsa limela tse kang makhapetla, motso le palesa, ho na le li-flavonoids tse fapaneng. Ho se ho sibolotsoe mefuta e ka bang 400 ho fihlela joale, e se nang mebala, e mosehla o khanyang kapa ea lamunu e khanyang, 'me 'mala oa eona o angoa haholo ke pH.

Joalo ka 'mala oa lijo tsa tlhaho, anthoxanthin e bolokehile, ha e na chefo, e na le lisebelisoa tse ngata,' me e na le litlamorao tse itseng tsa phepo le tsa meriana. E na le monyetla o moholo oa ho sebelisoa lijong, litlolong le meriana.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, palo e kholo ea liphetho tsa lipatlisiso lapeng le kantle ho naha li bontšitse hore flavonoids e na le anti-oxidation, ho felisoa ha li-radicals tsa mahala, ts'ebetso ea anti-lipid peroxidation, thibelo ea mafu a pelo, antibacterial, antiviral le litlamorao tsa antiallergic. Meroho, litholoana le lijo-thollo 'musong oa limela li na le li-pigments tse ngata tsa flavonoid.

Lijo tse nang le li-pigments tsa flavonoid: pepere e monate, celery, eiee e khubelu, tee e tala, citrus, morara, buckwheat, joalo-joalo.

4.Anthocyanin

Li-Anthocyanins: Ka lebaka la "ts'ebetso ea tsona ea bohlokoa ea "anti-oxidant", li-anthocyanins li tsebahala haholo 'me li boleloa e le "gimmick" ke lik'hamphani tse ngata. Ho na le mefuta e fetang 300 ea li-anthocyanins, ho kenyelletsa le boputsoa, ​​​​pherese, khubelu le lamunu. Li-pigments tsena li qhibiliha ka metsing. Li-anthocyanins li ka bontša mebala e fapaneng ha pH e fetoha. U lokela ho ba le phihlelo e tšoanang ha u pheha k'habeche (e khubelu) metsing.

Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa anthocyanins ha se tsitsitse haholo, 'me' mala o tla fetoha ka mokhoa o tsotehang ka phetoho ea pH, e khubelu ka tlase ho 7, pherese ho 8.5, violet-blue ho 11, le mosehla, lamunu kapa esita le sootho ho feta 11. Oxygen. , mocheso o bobebe kapa o phahameng o ka fetola lijo tse nang le anthocyanin e ngata hore e be sootho. Ho phaella moo, ho fetoha ha mebala ho bakoang ke ho kopana le tšepe ho lokela ho qojoa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ha ho etsoa.

Proanthocyanidins e khona ho senya li-radicals mahala 'meleng, e na le ts'ebetso e matla ea antioxidant,' me e ka laola ho itšireletsa mafung le ho bapala karolo e khahlanong le mofetše.

Lijo tse nang le li-anthocyanins: litapole tse pherese, raese e ntšo, poone e pherese, khale e pherese, li-eggplant, perilla, lihoete, li-beet, joalo-joalo.

Ka batho ba buellang tlhaho, ho lelekisa bophelo bo botle le polokeho litlhoko tsa pele tsa kelello, hammoho le ho kena ha China ho WTO ho tobane le litlhoko tsa moruo oa lefats'e, nts'etsopele ea li-pigments tsa tlhaho tse jeoang ka potlako, ho latela lipalo-palo, ho tloha 1971 ho isa 1981 lefats'e. e hatisitsoeng ka litokelo tsa molao tse 126 bakeng sa 'mala oa lijo, tseo 87.5% ea tsona e leng li-pigments tsa tlhaho tse jeoang.

Ka nts'etsopele ea sechaba, ts'ebeliso ea mebala ea tlhaho e se e tumme butle-butle indastering ea lijo le ea litlolo, 'me mekhoa e sebelisoang e ntlafetse butle-butle, e etsa hore mebala ea tlhaho e be karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho khabisa bophelo.

Sepheo sa rona ke "Etsa Lefatše le Thabileng le ho Phela Bophelo bo Botle”.

Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka qotsulo ea limela, o ka ikopanya le rona ka nako ea bohloa !!

Litlhahiso: https://www.zhihu.com/